Choose the correct statement regarding GIFT to overcome infertility.

It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female.

Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the uterus of an infertile female.

Early embryos with up to 8 blastomeres are transferred to the uterus of an infertile female.

Early embryos with up to 8 blastomeres are transferred into the fallopian tube of an infertile female.

A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is:

Germ cell Internal Fallopian Transfer

Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer

Gamete Internal Fertilization and Transfer

Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer

கேமட் அண்ட நாள இடமாற்றம்

NCERT Class 12 · Reproductive Health · 2 NEET questions

Stop confusing GIFT with ZIFT. GIFT is for women who cannot produce ova, not for those with blocked tubes. If the female cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilization, GIFT is a clinical failure.

The idea

Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) involves the collection of an ovum from a donor. This ovum is then transferred into the fallopian tube of a recipient female. The recipient must be capable of providing a suitable environment for fertilization and further development. Fertilization occurs in vivo, inside the fallopian tube, unlike IVF where it occurs in vitro.

Why it matters

It is used for females who cannot produce viable ova but have a functional reproductive tract capable of supporting pregnancy.

NEET lens

NEET focuses on the distinction between GIFT and IVF. Remember: GIFT requires a functional fallopian tube. If the question mentions 'in vitro' fertilization, the answer is never GIFT. Memorize the condition: Donor ovum + Recipient fallopian tube = GIFT.

Clinical significance

GIFT is indicated for women with premature ovarian failure or those who have undergone oophorectomy. It fails if the recipient has damaged fallopian tubes or an unreceptive endometrium. Success depends entirely on the biological viability of the donor gamete and the recipient's hormonal readiness.

Introduction

GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer) is an ART procedure where eggs retrieved from the ovaries and prepared sperm are transferred together into the fallopian tube via laparoscopy, allowing natural fertilization to occur within the tube.

Core concept

Procedure: Ovarian stimulation (same as IVF). Egg retrieval. Sperm preparation. Gametes (eggs + sperm — not yet fertilized) mixed in catheter → transferred to ampulla of fallopian tube via laparoscopy. Fertilization occurs in fallopian tube (in vivo — inside body). Advantages over IVF (historical): more 'natural' (fertilization in body). Accepted by some religious groups that object to laboratory fertilization. Disadvantages: requires laparoscopy (surgical risk). Cannot confirm fertilization occurred. Cannot do genetic testing (PGT) on embryo before transfer. Requires at least one open fallopian tube. Indications: unexplained infertility + patent tubes. Now rarely used — IVF + ET has largely replaced GIFT. Historical significance: developed as alternative to IVF for religious communities (fertilization outside body was objectionable).

Go deeper

GIFT vs IVF: IVF: fertilization in lab → can confirm fertilization, select best embryo, do PGT, freeze extras. GIFT: fertilization in body → cannot confirm fertilization, no embryo selection, no genetic testing. Same success rates when tubes are patent. GIFT now <1% of ART cycles globally. IVF dominates.

From Class 10

GIFT is an ART procedure where the eggs and sperm (gametes) are placed directly into the fallopian tube, allowing fertilization to occur naturally inside the body.